Formulas: Positive Flexural Strength

Formula 1

Shrinkage Force: $P_{sh} = e_{sh} E_c A_c$

P_{sh} = e_{sh} E_c A_c

Shrinkage Moment: $M_{sh} = P_{sh} e$

M_{sh} = P_{sh} e

Shrinkage Deflection: $\Delta_{sh} = \frac{P_{sh} e L^2}{8 E I_t}$

\Delta_{sh} = \frac{P_{sh} e L^2}{8 E I_t}

M_{n}=C\left(d_{1}+d_{2}\right)+P_{y}\left(d_{3}-d_{2}\right)

where

$P_{y}=$ tensile strength of the steel section, kips (N)

$=F_{y} A_{s}$

$\begin{aligned} d_{1} & =\text { distance from the centroid of the compression force in the concrete slab to } \\ & \text { the top of the steel section, in. (mm) }\end{aligned}$
$d_{2}=$ distance from the centroid of the compression force in the steel section to the top of the steel section, in. (mm). For the case of no compression in the steel section, $d_{2}=0$ .
$d_{3}=$ distance from $P_{y}$ to the top of the steel section, in. (mm)

The modular ratio, $n=E_{s} / E_{c}$ , used to determine the transformed section, depends on the specified unit weight and strength of concrete.

n=E_{s} / E_{c}